新视野大学英语视听说 4 第一单元 MP3及文本

新视野大学英语视听说4 第一单元

Unit 1 How we behave is who we are 

Listening to the world 

Sharing 

Scripts 

P = Pasha; W1 = Woman 1, etc.; M1 = Man 1, etc. 

Part 1 

P:  Hello. City life can be quite impersonal, so I try to smile at people and thank them whenever they behave kindly, but some forms of anti-social behavior really do get on my nerves. Today I’m talking to people about good and bad behavior. What kind of behavior in public places gets on your nerves? 

Part 2 

W1: I think what mostly gets on my nerves is when people listen to their music really loudly on a stereo when you’re on the train, or in a lift. I think that’s a bit antisocial. 

M1: Um,  probably  noise  more  than  anything  actually.  Um,  I  suppose  it’s  one  of  those  sorts  of things you see in effect in towns, areas now get louder and louder – probably later into the night as well. 

W2: Well,  screaming  babies,  in,  like  shops  and  just  generally  around  and  the  parents,  kind  of standing there and not really, just kind of ignoring the child and you just want to, just, tell the baby to just “shut up” but, obviously, you can’t. 

M2: Loud noise: people with loud voices. Er, people, er, bad manners. 

W3: When you’re on public transport, like on a train, and couples start kissing in front of you. 

M3: Smoking within the vicinity. Um, as someone who personally doesn’t smoke, er, I find it, it can, er ... it can get on my nerves at times. 

Part 3 

P:     Give a recent example of when you experienced good or bad manners. 

M3: The other day, just as an example, um, recent lack of manners I think, was in a … a local park and er, there was a rubbish bin nearby, but that person instead of taking the extra effort to just simply walk over and drop it in, decided carelessly to just drop their rubbish on the ground where they were. 

M1: I  travel  a  lot  on  the  trains  and  things  like  that,  so  I  find,  increasingly,  the  actual  noise  on trains from people using mobile phones, things like that really. 

W1: Well,  recently,  it’s  …  I’ve  seen  it  a  few times,  you  know,  when,  when  you’re  shopping  or when you’re in a restaurant and you’re trying to … and you’re speaking to the person that’s serving  you  and  maybe  somebody’s,  they’re  on  their  phone,  or  they’re  not  really  paying 

attention. You see that quite a lot, I think, in London particularly. 

W3: On the bus this morning, when an old gentleman got on and someone got up to give him a seat. 

Part 4 

P:     Do you think our attitude towards behavior changes as we get older? 

W1: Yeah, I think it does. I think as you get older, you become, probably, a bit more intolerant of certain,  sort  of,  anti-social  behavior  and,  as,  when  you’re  younger  you’re  probably  not  as aware of it. 

M2: I think the older people, er, definitely appreciate manners, good behavior and a good attitude. 

M1: I  suppose  so.  I  suppose  we  learn  how  to  be  more  tolerant  of  it.  Um,  we  can  be,  probably, more short-tempered of it because we’ve probably had it all of our lives and we want it to, sort  of,  come  to  an  end,  but  I  think  we  learn  how  to,  sort  of,  either  walk  away  from  it  or ignore it, that sort of things. 

W2: Yeah, definitely. 

W4: It becomes more important as you get older. You have to impress more people, therefore, be more polite. 

W2: Yeah, and you gain a conscience as you get older as well. As kids, like, you just say whatever you want to each other, kids, but you kind of realize what you can and can’t say as you get older. 

Listening 

Scripts 

I = Interviewer; S1 = Speaker 1, etc. 

Part 1 

I:   Now I’ve always thought it has to do with what time of day you’re born. I arrived at 10 o’clock at  night  and  consequently  I’m  an  owl  –  coming  to  life  late  in  the  evening  and  capable  of dancing till dawn – which is a pity really because this job requires that I am a lark, getting up every morning at 5:30. Well, which are you and why? 

Part 2 

S1:  I am up usually between five and half past most mornings. I’m bright and breezy. I sing in the morning.  I’m  wide  awake.  I  love  watching  the  sunrise.  Whenever  we  go  on  holiday,  my husband thinks I’m mad because quite often I get up with a camera, and I’m out there at half past four, five o’clock in the morning watching the sunrise and taking photographs. And I just love it. It is just so peaceful and so beautiful. It’s a lovely part of the day. 

S2:  Definitely not a morning person. Evening, without a doubt. I despise getting up with a passion. 

There is a real, real sense of dread, and, oh no, and there’s sort of lots of denial about … no, it didn’t  really  go  off.  And  I  sort  of  set  it  again  for  five  minutes  later,  then  I  set  it  again  for another five minutes later, and I stay there until the absolute last second. 

S3:  If I’m groggily out at nine or 10 in the morning, I do look at other people walking their dogs, or, walking along with a bounce in their step and I just think, “Where does it come from? How can you do that? Should I just eat more vegetables or more fruit or should I get up earlier to be more awake?” None of it works. 

S4:  My father and my mother are very much sort of early birds, and so when I was a teenager I’d sleep  in  and  I’d  have  comments  all  the  time  like,  “You  …  you’re  sleeping  your  life  away”, “You’ve wasted the best part of the day”, and it’s taken me until very, very recently actually to be able to stop the guilt at getting up late ... 

S5:  Late  evening  is  best  for  me  to  be  focusing  rather  than  partying.  That’s  when  I’m  really  thinking straight. Everyone’s going to sleep at home here when I’m really mentally becoming most awake. That’s when I really feel at my sharpest. 

S6:  At  the  end of  the  day,  nine  o’clock,  10  o’clock,  I’m  exhausted, and  so  I  want  to go to bed. 

Anybody mentions “party” to me and I cringe. 

S7:  David and I always joked before we had children that it would be great because he would be great in the mornings and I would be great in the evenings, and to a certain extent that’s true, but finding time in the middle just to talk to one another is trickier. 

I:    What are you, lark or owl? And what are the effects? Do let us know on the message board on the website. 

Viewing 

Scripts 

Desmond Morris: 

Back in the late 1960s, I was sitting in this very restaurant on the island of Malta talking to my publisher. I drew his attention to the fact that, over the other side of the road there were two men who were gesticulating in a particular way. The way they were holding their palms to one side was fascinating me, and he said, “You know, you look at people the way that a bird-watcher looks at birds,” and I said, “Yeah, I suppose you could call me a ‘man watcher’.” 

As soon as I said it, it was as if I’d fired a starting gun on a major new project, one that was to engross me for many years to come and take me to over 60 different countries. I was going to do for actions what dictionary  makers had done for words. I began making huge charts naming every facial expression, every gesticulation, every movement, every posture. I kept at it for month 

after month. 

One of the first problems I encountered was that even the simplest human action, such as the handshake, has countless variations.   

Sometimes it’s reduced to a mere palm touch, as with these Masai elders in East Africa. But in  other  countries  it  becomes  more  elaborate.  In  Mali  in  West  Africa  the  handshaker  briefly touches his own forearm as the palms clasp. 

In Morocco the handshakers kiss one another’s hands at the same time as clasping them. And in Turkey, these Kurdish farmers have taken this simple action and converted it into what amounts 

to a minor ritual. It’s the local rule that they can’t start bargaining until they’re shaking hands, and they have to keep on doing so until the deal is struck. 

The essential feature of handshaking is that it’s an egalitarian act. Regardless of their social standing, the two people involved are momentarily performing identical actions. 

Despite their variations, all these greetings have one thing in common: They’re all fine-tuned to the precise context in which they occur. 

Because a single message is given in a different way in different countries. The crazy sign: 

How do you say to somebody, “You’re crazy”? Well, here in Rome you do this, but, in England I would probably do this – the temple screw, saying he’s got a screw loose – or I might say his brain is going round and round, or I might, tap my head saying, “What does he think he’s got inside his skull?”   

In some countries you do it with two hands; it varies from place to place and, if you go to Japan you have to be careful because if you do it this way it means he’s intelligent; you have to do it in an anticlockwise direction in Japan if you want to say that somebody is crazy. So, all over the world the same message is given in a slightly different way.     

Speaking for communication 

Role-play 

Scripts 

J = Jim; L = Liz 

J:   Here’s your coffee. 

L:   Ah, thanks, Jim. Oh, I needed that. 

J:   No problem. Hey, Liz, there’s something I’ve been meaning to talk to you about. 

L:   Oh yeah? 

J:   It’s just that ... well ... you know you borrowed some money from me last week? 

L:   Oh, right. It was 10 euros, wasn’t it? I don’t actually have that on me at the moment. 

J:   It’s not that, it’s ... I hope you don’t take this the wrong way, but, um … 

L:   Right. 

J:    … it’s just that this isn’t the first time I’ve lent you money and er, well, you haven’t paid it back. I, I mean, I know it’s not a lot, just small amounts each time but it kind of adds up quite quickly ... I, I dunno. Do you know what I mean? 

L:   Yeah. Sorry. I didn’t realize. I know I’m terrible with money. I, I just forget. Look, I promise I’ll give it back, but … could you wait a week until I get paid? 

J:    Well, actually, you’ve said that once before. I, I don’t want you to get the wrong idea, but ... it, 

you know, never happened. And it makes things slightly awkward. I mean, it makes me feel just a bit annoyed. Do you see where I’m coming from? 

L:   Oh. Yeah. I suppose so. 

J:    Look, I’ve got a suggestion. I’d feel better if we could work out how much is owed and then you could pay me back a little each week, you know, however much you can afford. How does that sound? 

L:   Yeah, yeah. That sounds reasonable. 

J:   OK, great. So well, why don’t we start …? 

Further practice in listening 

Short conversations 

Scripts 

Conversation 1 

W:  The only thing I can do at night is to lie in bed and read, preferably while also eating a snack. I never have time for exercising. 

M:  Don’t think it’s worth exercising only if you can run five miles or if you can bike for an hour. 

Even going for a 10-minute walk is worthwhile. 

Q:  What advice does the man give to the woman? 

Conversation 2 

W: Hi, Mark, I’ve gained quite some weight recently. So, how can I eat healthily at social events? 

M:  Well, drink a full glass of water before you go. Focus mainly on fresh fruit and vegetables or bread with whole grains. These will help you stay feeling full. 

Q:  What can we know about the woman? 

Conversation 3 

W: I heard that in South Africa smoking is banned in all enclosed public spaces. 

M:  Yes, that’s right. But pubs and bars with separate, enclosed smoking rooms are excluded from the  ban,  and  most  restaurants  provide  smoking  sections,  either  indoor  areas  with  good  air circulation or outdoor open areas. 

Q:  What can we learn about the smoking rules in South Africa? 

Conversation 4 

M:  So, your research shows that even when children are not direct targets of violence in the home, 

they can be harmed by witnessing its occurrence? 

W: Yes, that’s right. For example, they can suffer immediate and permanent physical harm. 

They can also experience short- and long-term emotional and behavioral problems. 

Q:  What are the two speakers talking about? 

Conversation 5 

W:  Skipping  breakfast  is  common  among  people  who  are  trying  to  lose  weight,  but  it  doesn’t seem to be a successful strategy. 

M: No, it isn’t. While any breakfast may be better than no breakfast, a healthy breakfast can be something simple like a hard-boiled egg, a piece of 100 percent wholegrain toast along with a cup of 100 percent fruit juice. 

Q:  What is recommended for a healthy breakfast? 

Long conversation 

Scripts 

M: I love working out! 

W: Ugh! You’re sweating all over the floor … 

M:  I just ran five miles! A friend told me about this great park on Jefferson Street. I love exploring new parks! 

W:  I try running at the gym three days a week, but it’s so boring looking at the TV monitor or the wall in front of me for an hour. 

M:  You should run outside! Being in nature, enjoying the beautiful flowers and the trees, I feel my mind relax and the stress just falls away. 

W:  It is nice outside. My mom loves t’ai chi and a nearby t’ai chi group meets every morning at 6 a.m. I’ve tried going, but it’s too early for me to get out of bed … 

M:  T’ai chi is really good. You need some kind of exercise. It’s unhealthy for you to sit in front of your computer all day, every day! 

W: Well, I recently spend my weekends away from my computer. 

M: Oh really? And what have you done recently that didn’t involve a computer or TV screen? 

W:  Pandas! I just went to the San Diego Zoo with my sister on Saturday! They have one of the best panda exhibits in the US. The mother panda is from Wolong, China, and had had six baby pandas by 2012 since arriving at the San Diego Zoo in September of 1996. 

M:  Oh,  I  bet  baby  pandas  are  amazing!  Hey!  Maybe  you  should  get  a  zoo  membership  and  go jogging in the zoo! 

W: A zoo membership! Now that’s a great idea! I love the San Diego Zoo. It’s near my house, I can get good exercise and I can watch the baby pandas grow up! 

Q1: What has made the man sweat all over the floor? 

Q2: Why doesn’t the woman go to practice t’ai chi with her mom? 

Q3: What does the woman normally do on weekends? 

Q4: Why does the man suggest the woman get a zoo membership? 

Passage 1 

Scripts 

Have you ever felt you don’t have enough hours in the day? Or that you’d give anything for a whole day to catch up with yourself? Well, here are some ideas that work for me. 

First of all, make a to-do list every day and set clear priorities. The trick here isn’t making the list; that’s the easy part. The trick is making the priorities. I look at my list and put a star next to anything  that  is  really  urgent.  Then  I  put  the  number  “2”  next  to  anything  that  will  just  take  a couple of minutes. I actually do these quick tasks before I get on with the urgent ones; it’s a bit 

like clearing off the top of your desk before sitting down to write that important letter.   

Second, know when is the most productive time of day for you and do your work or study then. One of the shocking discoveries I made about myself is that if I get up at 5 a.m., I can do a day’s work and even fit breakfast in before half past nine. Of course, if you are an early bird, it can be difficult to accomplish tasks that involve phoning “night owls”, but that’s what email’s for! 

Finally,  do  not  let  your  inbox  run  your  life.  I  just  realized  recently  how  frequently  I interrupted my real work to check my inbox and respond to the most trivial of emails. So, now I only  open  it  when  absolutely  necessary  and  this  saves  me  hours.  If  your  work  depends  on  you being constantly accessible by email, then you can’t do this; but be honest and ask yourself, “Am I an email addict?” 

With these simple, practical techniques, you will become more efficient, less stressed and be able to win some “me-time” for yourself. 

Q1: What tasks does the speaker tend to do first every day? 

Q2: How to work more efficiently according to the speaker? 

Q3: How does the speaker deal with emails now? 

Q4: What is the purpose of the talk? 

Passage 2 

Scripts and answers 

In a perfect world, we would all avoid too much credit card debt and would never have to deal with the trouble of being unable to meet our credit card payment obligations. But this is not a perfect world, and unfortunately, these 1) distressing situations are the norm for many people. 

If  you  find  yourself  in  this  position,  or  heading  there,  you  should  cut  your  spending  now. 

Don’t wait until your situation is so 2) desperate that you have few options available to you. 

Facing the factors that give you the 3) urge to spend money carelessly can be uncomfortable, but  if  you  don’t  face  them,  how  will  you  control  your  debt  and  4)  acquire  the  things  you  truly want? 

One negative aspect of using credit cards instead of cash is that you 5) are totally unaware of the fact that you’re spending real money. The pleasant feelings you experience when you purchase the  item  6)  are  isolated  from  the  unpleasant  feelings  of  making  the  payment  when  you  get  the credit card statement.   

Studies  7)  affirm  that  most  people  are  much  less  likely  to  buy  when  paying  with  cash  as opposed to credit cards. So, try leaving your credit cards at home, and pay with cash or check. 

To really control your spending and your credit card debt, you need to examine what money means  to  you.  Make  an  effort  to  notice  how  you  8)  interact  with  money  and  what  beliefs  and attitudes  you  have  about  money.  Studies  also  show  that  people  with  low  self-esteem  engage themselves in more 9) impulse spending and buying things they don’t need. Remind yourself daily that your worth as a person has nothing to do with how much money you have. Once you 10) are convinced of this, you will break the psychological barriers that were keeping you from handling your money wisely.